Over the past years, the use of RFID has increased in proportion to the gradually decreasing tag costs and continues to increase.The use of RFID in public is increasing every day. Entry/exit of public buildings, vehicle tracking, labels placed in money and passports are some of these applications. The management of parking spaces, the free payment system in hotels, the opening of hotel room doors by authorized cards constitute several other examples of RFID usage.

Recently, companies have been using RFID technology mainly in processes such as tracking supply chains.

 

The use of RFID are limited by people’s imagination.

With the increase of mobilization, our company has seen that mobile RFID solutions are not enough in Turkey and has made an investment decision on this issue. 

 

We provide many advantages for businesses with mobile RFID applications. Prevention of administrative errors, internal company losses, errors arising from labor, and shipping errors are some of the benefits. We provide different advanced technology solutions in many areas with mobile RFID applications.

PROCESSES THAT RFID IS IMPROVED

Production

* Supplier Management

* Efficiency and Accuracy

* Quality Control

* Calculation

* Recycling

* Defective or defective product

Store

* Reading Speed

* Waybill Operations

* Order Management

* Feed-backs

* Safe stock/ Accurate Forecast

* Stock Turnover Rate

* Fire prevention

* Labor Cost

Logistics

* Reading Speed

* Waybill Operations

* Order Management

* Feed-backs

* Safe stock/ Accurate Forecast

* Stock Turnover Rate

* Fire prevention

* Labor Cost

Customer Service

* Customer Satisfaction

*Determining History

* Instant information about the product

* Service Speed

In our projects, we develop software using effective devices that are affordable to the budget. According to the operating systems of Hand Terminals, we develop our software with the latest technologies.   

The post Mobile RFID Applications appeared first on Intsoft Automation.

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

Label

It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field. 

Antenna

RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power. 

Reader

RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.    

Questioning

The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.

Controller

The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer/ server/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.

RFID software

It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).       

RFID Standards

EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.

EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).

EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.

EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.

EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.

EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.

EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.                                                                                                                                                               

RFID Frequency Ranges

RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;

Low frequency

High frequency

UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)

Microwave 

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.  

Low Frequency (LF)

Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.

High Frequency (HF)

High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.

UHF:

The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.

SIEMENS RFID Systems

RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.

Applications;

• Production Control
• Asset Management
• Monitoring & Tracking
• Supply Chain Management

SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

Working Principle

• The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.
• The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.
• The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.
• The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.
• The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.
• The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system. 

Label

It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field. 

Antenna

RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power. 

Reader

RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.    

Questioning

The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.

Controller

The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer/ server/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.

RFID software

It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).       

RFID Standards

EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.

EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).

EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.

EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.

EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.

EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.

EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.                                                                                                                                                               

RFID Frequency Ranges

RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;

Low frequency

High frequency

UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)

Microwave 

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.  

Low Frequency (LF)

Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.

High Frequency (HF)

High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.

UHF:

The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.

SIEMENS RFID Systems

RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.

Applications;

• Production Control
• Asset Management
• Monitoring & Tracking
• Supply Chain Management

SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

What is RFID and How it Works?

RFID systems are automatic recognition systems equipped with microprocessors, where an object carrying a tag and the data it carries can be monitored. They work with radio frequencies, so there is no need to have contact between the reader and the microchip. Radio waves emitted from the reader reach the antenna and activate the microchip in this way. The microchip checks the waves and sends them back to the reader. The reader also turns the new wave into digital data.

 

It is known that the first use of RFID was in 1926 and for military purposes. England used it during World War II to determine whether aircraft were allied or enemy aircraft. Its first commercial usage was by General Motors. They used RFIDs placed on car bodies to check whether the equipment used in cars was correct.   

RFID systems

RFID systems have two types; mobile systems and fixed systems. Fixed systems usually consist of side units such as RFID readers, RFID antennas, main computer, software, light and sensor. These systems receive the object’s credentials and transfer them to the computer system. Although mobile systems are similar to fixed systems as RFID system structure and operating principle, read/write distance and power are more limited than fixed systems. The advantage is that they have the ability to collect/process data at different points, thus providing application and cost advantages.

RFID Components

• Tag
• Antenna
• Reader
• Questioning
• Controller
• Software

Working Principle

• The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.
• The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.
• The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.
• The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.
• The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.
• The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system. 

Label

It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field. 

Antenna

RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power. 

Reader

RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.    

Questioning

The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.

Controller

The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer/ server/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.

RFID software

It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).       

RFID Standards

EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.

EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).

EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.

EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.

EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.

EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.

EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.                                                                                                                                                               

RFID Frequency Ranges

RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;

Low frequency

High frequency

UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)

Microwave 

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.  

Low Frequency (LF)

Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.

High Frequency (HF)

High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.

UHF:

The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.

SIEMENS RFID Systems

RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.

Applications;

• Production Control
• Asset Management
• Monitoring & Tracking
• Supply Chain Management

SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

What is RFID and How it Works?

RFID systems are automatic recognition systems equipped with microprocessors, where an object carrying a tag and the data it carries can be monitored. They work with radio frequencies, so there is no need to have contact between the reader and the microchip. Radio waves emitted from the reader reach the antenna and activate the microchip in this way. The microchip checks the waves and sends them back to the reader. The reader also turns the new wave into digital data.

 

It is known that the first use of RFID was in 1926 and for military purposes. England used it during World War II to determine whether aircraft were allied or enemy aircraft. Its first commercial usage was by General Motors. They used RFIDs placed on car bodies to check whether the equipment used in cars was correct.   

RFID systems

RFID systems have two types; mobile systems and fixed systems. Fixed systems usually consist of side units such as RFID readers, RFID antennas, main computer, software, light and sensor. These systems receive the object’s credentials and transfer them to the computer system. Although mobile systems are similar to fixed systems as RFID system structure and operating principle, read/write distance and power are more limited than fixed systems. The advantage is that they have the ability to collect/process data at different points, thus providing application and cost advantages.

RFID Components

• Tag
• Antenna
• Reader
• Questioning
• Controller
• Software

Working Principle

• The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.
• The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.
• The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.
• The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.
• The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.
• The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system. 

Label

It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field. 

 

Antenna

RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power. 

Reader

RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.    

Questioning

The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.

Controller

The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer/ server/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.

RFID software

It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).       

 

RFID Standards

EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.

EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).

EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.

EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.

EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.

EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.

EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.                                                                                                                                                               

RFID Frequency Ranges

RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;

Low frequency

High frequency

UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)

Microwave 

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.  

Low Frequency (LF)

Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.

High Frequency (HF)

High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.

UHF:

The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.

SIEMENS RFID Systems

RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.

Applications;

• Production Control
• Asset Management
• Monitoring & Tracking
• Supply Chain Management

SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.

 

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.

 

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System

 

Omron RFID Systems

 

Omron HF RFID Systems

The V680S / V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO / IEC 18000-3 (ISO / IEC 15693).

 

Omron UHF RFID Systems

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications. These are developed according to ISO / IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.

 

Omron LF RFID Systems

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.

 

The post RFID Systems appeared first on Intsoft Automation.

OPC Technology Overview

OPC (OLE for Process Control), released in 1995,is a standard that provides industrial communication. OPC allows machines and systems from different manufacturers to transfer data using the same interface. OPC aimed to communicate HMI / SCADA systems with machines without special drivers and driver software. 

Today, this system, called Classic OPC, is still widely used. The OPC had issues such as compatibility issues, security issues, dependence on Microsoft platforms, expensive and inactive data migration methods, and maintenance difficulties. All these troubles led to the emergence of OPC-UA as an heir to the OPC.    

What is OPC UA?

OPC-UA (OPC Unified Architecture) is the next generation of OPC technology. It provides more secure and almost complete data transfer between servers and clients.

OPC-Unified Architecture has a dual structure with object-oriented and service-oriented features. The object-oriented feature provides a common object management method to support asset reusability and complex data models. OPC-UA’s service-oriented structure, on the other hand, provides greater interoperability with other platforms.

OPC is the first communication technology that can travel between firewalls, private platforms and security barriers in the transmission of data.

OPC-UA; It generates and controls real world data with databases, analytical tools, ERP systems and other business systems and relates it to real world data.                                                                                                                                                                                            

OPC-UA uses scalable platforms, multiple security models, multiple transport layers and a complex information model to allow the smallest custom controller to freely interact with complex, latest server applications.

Features of this technology include;

* OPC-UA is platform independent and scalable. It is compatible with the latest servers and old version sensors.

* OPC-UA has flexible address space. It creates an address space appropriate to the object concept. It provides a standard way for servers to transfer information to clients.

* OPC-UA guarantees the security of clients and servers with authentication and encryption.

* The internet capacity is quite large.

* OPC – UA provides layout, alarm, read, write, discover features.

* Provides certified interoperability. It confirms the profiles that can be guaranteed using a defined profile.

* It has an Advanced Information Model.

* The OPC Association works with industry trade groups to identify and support specific information models

Internet Of Things (IoT)

IoT (Internet of Things) is similar to multiple technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), Internet, Wireless, sensor technology, cloud. All these technologies contribute to IoT infrastructure. In fact, IoT, which is there to improve its computer capabilities, is seen as a communication infrastructure all over the world today. It has been defined as the technology of the future not only for human to human, machine to human but also for machines to communicate.

OPC-UA has been developed as an interface software solution for resource limited devices. In this way, a huge amount of IOT data has become workable. IoT data can be stored in a cloud database.    

OLE Technology

OLE is a program integration technology that we can use to exchange information between programs. We can copy information as a linked object from any program that supports Ole

OPC UA Architecture

OPC – UA technology and architecture consists of three main modules. Connect Server, Collector Server, Cloud Proxy Server. Connect Server can be in the form of three different servers. Facility network connection, control network connection, area network connection. All of these layers are used to model all data, from factory machines to corporate devices. In the collection part, data is collected in a field. The client can thus reach multiple servers. Limitations are provided for data security on the merge server, and encryptions are used. The Cloud Proxy server provides a proxy connection. Different industrial data with different applications can exchange information through layersthus a dynamic automation system can be created.

OPC UA Standard and SDK

OPC-UA has all the standards of existing OPC servers and has been developed on top of them. There have been some problems with standards of this magnitude. The most basic of these is the applicability of OPC-UA. In order to ensure easy applicability, new standards were created and a Software Development Kit, the SDK, was developed.

The SDK consists of a programming interface and sample code applications. It offers different options to facilitate its usage and adoption on different platforms. It offers NET, ANSI C and Java sample applications.                                                                                      

Each option in the SDK is designed to meet memory, processor requirements and specific needs, and they can all work harmoniously with each other. For example, the .NET version is better suited for client/server usage. The ANSI C version is more useful for embedded systems where memory and CPU usage are important. Java is more useful for the web environment and powerless clients. Each user can choose the application that will be most efficient for them.

Outside of the SDK, OPC Foundation provides binary adapters. It is used to provide access to all old OPC servers based on Com with the new OPC-UA. It also allows you to reach the lower layer of OPC-UA from the classic OPC.  

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN)

It is true that it responds to most needs when checking the capabilities and requirements provided by OPC-UA, but the necessary deterministic data exchange cannot be provided. For this reason, an additional approach should be followed. According to this approach;

* Each node on the network must work with synchronized scheduling. For example, it is important to schedule common time, data transmission, or common data input and output in the entire system.

* Path backup is required to enable data exchange. Although some components in the public network fail, this path will reduce the error.

* In order for control loops to be activated, the delay time of communication between nodes must be defined in advance.

* A bandwidth must be specified to ensure reliable operation even if there is a high traffic load and network congestion during data exchange between critical applications.

The Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard can be used to ensure the requirements mentioned above. This standard is based on the AVB standard released in 2011. Ultimately, the TSN standard includes a number of enhancements over AVB. It enables real time communication with timing capabilities. 

Referanslar

• Expert Interview: OPC-UA Publisher/Subscriber Model und IEEE TSN Standard November 2015 Available at: http://blog.softing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Interview_Softing_TTTech_EN.pdf (as of April 7, 2016).
• Adgar A., Schwarz M.H. & MacIntyre J. Development of Intelligent Software for a Micro-Sensor based Oil Quality Analysis System, COMADOM 2004, 2004, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
• [Henning et al.] Hennig S., Braune A.,  Damm M.: JasUA: A JavaScript Stack enabling web browsers to support OPC Unified Architecture’s Binary mapping natively, 2010 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 13-16 Sept. 2010. DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641005.

OPC’den OPC UA Teknolojisine Geçiş

• OPC Technology Overview
• What is OPC-UA?
• Internet Of Things ( IoT )
• OLE Technology
• OPC-UA Architecture
• OPC-UA Standard and SDK
• Time Sensitive Networking (TSN )
• References

OPC Technology Overview

OPC (OLE for Process Control), released in 1995,is a standard that provides industrial communication. OPC allows machines and systems from different manufacturers to transfer data using the same interface. OPC aimed to communicate HMI / SCADA systems with machines without special drivers and driver software. 

Today, this system, called Classic OPC, is still widely used. The OPC had issues such as compatibility issues, security issues, dependence on Microsoft platforms, expensive and inactive data migration methods, and maintenance difficulties. All these troubles led to the emergence of OPC-UA as an heir to the OPC.    

What is OPC UA?

OPC-UA (OPC Unified Architecture) is the next generation of OPC technology. It provides more secure and almost complete data transfer between servers and clients.

OPC-Unified Architecture has a dual structure with object-oriented and service-oriented features. The object-oriented feature provides a common object management method to support asset reusability and complex data models. OPC-UA’s service-oriented structure, on the other hand, provides greater interoperability with other platforms.

OPC is the first communication technology that can travel between firewalls, private platforms and security barriers in the transmission of data.

OPC-UA; It generates and controls real world data with databases, analytical tools, ERP systems and other business systems and relates it to real world data.                                                                                                                                                                                            

OPC-UA uses scalable platforms, multiple security models, multiple transport layers and a complex information model to allow the smallest custom controller to freely interact with complex, latest server applications.

Features of this technology include;

* OPC-UA is platform independent and scalable. It is compatible with the latest servers and old version sensors.

* OPC-UA has flexible address space. It creates an address space appropriate to the object concept. It provides a standard way for servers to transfer information to clients.

* OPC-UA guarantees the security of clients and servers with authentication and encryption.

* The internet capacity is quite large.

* OPC – UA provides layout, alarm, read, write, discover features.

* Provides certified interoperability. It confirms the profiles that can be guaranteed using a defined profile.

* It has an Advanced Information Model.

* The OPC Association works with industry trade groups to identify and support specific information models

Internet Of Things (IoT)

IoT (Internet of Things) is similar to multiple technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), Internet, Wireless, sensor technology, cloud. All these technologies contribute to IoT infrastructure. In fact, IoT, which is there to improve its computer capabilities, is seen as a communication infrastructure all over the world today. It has been defined as the technology of the future not only for human to human, machine to human but also for machines to communicate.

OPC-UA has been developed as an interface software solution for resource limited devices. In this way, a huge amount of IOT data has become workable. IoT data can be stored in a cloud database.    

OLE Technology

OLE is a program integration technology that we can use to exchange information between programs. We can copy information as a linked object from any program that supports Ole

OPC UA Architecture

OPC – UA technology and architecture consists of three main modules. Connect Server, Collector Server, Cloud Proxy Server. Connect Server can be in the form of three different servers. Facility network connection, control network connection, area network connection. All of these layers are used to model all data, from factory machines to corporate devices. In the collection part, data is collected in a field. The client can thus reach multiple servers. Limitations are provided for data security on the merge server, and encryptions are used. The Cloud Proxy server provides a proxy connection. Different industrial data with different applications can exchange information through layersthus a dynamic automation system can be created.

OPC UA Standard and SDK

OPC-UA has all the standards of existing OPC servers and has been developed on top of them. There have been some problems with standards of this magnitude. The most basic of these is the applicability of OPC-UA. In order to ensure easy applicability, new standards were created and a Software Development Kit, the SDK, was developed.

The SDK consists of a programming interface and sample code applications. It offers different options to facilitate its usage and adoption on different platforms. It offers NET, ANSI C and Java sample applications.                                                                                      

Each option in the SDK is designed to meet memory, processor requirements and specific needs, and they can all work harmoniously with each other. For example, the .NET version is better suited for client/server usage. The ANSI C version is more useful for embedded systems where memory and CPU usage are important. Java is more useful for the web environment and powerless clients. Each user can choose the application that will be most efficient for them.

Outside of the SDK, OPC Foundation provides binary adapters. It is used to provide access to all old OPC servers based on Com with the new OPC-UA. It also allows you to reach the lower layer of OPC-UA from the classic OPC.  

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN)

It is true that it responds to most needs when checking the capabilities and requirements provided by OPC-UA, but the necessary deterministic data exchange cannot be provided. For this reason, an additional approach should be followed. According to this approach;

* Each node on the network must work with synchronized scheduling. For example, it is important to schedule common time, data transmission, or common data input and output in the entire system.

* Path backup is required to enable data exchange. Although some components in the public network fail, this path will reduce the error.

* In order for control loops to be activated, the delay time of communication between nodes must be defined in advance.

* A bandwidth must be specified to ensure reliable operation even if there is a high traffic load and network congestion during data exchange between critical applications.

The Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard can be used to ensure the requirements mentioned above. This standard is based on the AVB standard released in 2011. Ultimately, the TSN standard includes a number of enhancements over AVB. It enables real time communication with timing capabilities. 

Referanslar

• Expert Interview: OPC-UA Publisher/Subscriber Model und IEEE TSN Standard November 2015 Available at: http://blog.softing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Interview_Softing_TTTech_EN.pdf (as of April 7, 2016).
• Adgar A., Schwarz M.H. & MacIntyre J. Development of Intelligent Software for a Micro-Sensor based Oil Quality Analysis System, COMADOM 2004, 2004, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
• [Henning et al.] Hennig S., Braune A.,  Damm M.: JasUA: A JavaScript Stack enabling web browsers to support OPC Unified Architecture’s Binary mapping natively, 2010 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 13-16 Sept. 2010. DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641005.

The post Transition from OPC to OPC UA Technology appeared first on Intsoft Automation.