{"id":7544,"date":"2020-02-18T15:21:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-18T12:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.intsoft.com.tr\/?p=7544"},"modified":"2021-04-02T16:07:49","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T13:07:49","slug":"rfid-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intsoft.com.tr\/en-us\/2020\/02\/18\/rfid-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"RFID Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\"SIEMENS\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Omron\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

Label<\/b><\/h4>\n

It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n
<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Antenna<\/b><\/h4>\n

RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Reader<\/b><\/h4>\n

RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Questioning<\/b><\/h4>\n

The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.<\/p>\n

Controller<\/b><\/h4>\n

The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer\/ server\/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.<\/p>\n

RFID software<\/b><\/h4>\n

It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

RFID Standards<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.<\/p>\n

EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).<\/p>\n

EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.<\/p>\n

EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.<\/p>\n

EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.<\/p>\n

EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.<\/p>\n

EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

RFID Frequency Ranges<\/b><\/h4>\n

RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;<\/p>\n

Low frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

High frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)<\/p>\n

Microwave\u00a0<\/p>\n

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)<\/p>\n

Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Low Frequency (LF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.<\/p>\n

High Frequency (HF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.<\/p>\n

UHF:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.<\/p>\n

SIEMENS RFID Systems<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.<\/p>\n

Applications;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Production Control<\/li>\n
  • Asset Management<\/li>\n
  • Monitoring & Tracking<\/li>\n
  • Supply Chain Management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application<\/h4>\n

    It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \"SIEMENS\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RFID1000 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

    It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \"SIEMENS\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

    It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \"SIEMENS\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \"SIEMENS\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
    \u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

    Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

    The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \"Omron\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

    The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \"Omron\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

    The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \"\"\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

    Working Principle<\/b><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.<\/li>\n
    • The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.<\/li>\n
    • The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.<\/li>\n
    • The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.<\/li>\n
    • The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.<\/li>\n
    • The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Label<\/b><\/h4>\n

      It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field.\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \n
      <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      Antenna<\/b><\/h4>\n

      RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power.\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Reader<\/b><\/h4>\n

      RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Questioning<\/b><\/h4>\n

      The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.<\/p>\n

      Controller<\/b><\/h4>\n

      The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer\/ server\/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.<\/p>\n

      RFID software<\/b><\/h4>\n

      It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/div>\n

      RFID Standards<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.<\/p>\n

      EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

      RFID Frequency Ranges<\/b><\/h4>\n

      RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;<\/p>\n

      Low frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

      High frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

      UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)<\/p>\n

      Microwave\u00a0<\/p>\n

      UWB (Ultra-Wideband)<\/p>\n

      Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/figure>\n

      Low Frequency (LF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.<\/p>\n

      High Frequency (HF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.<\/p>\n

      UHF:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.<\/p>\n

      SIEMENS RFID Systems<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

      RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.<\/p>\n

      Applications;<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Production Control<\/li>\n
      • Asset Management<\/li>\n
      • Monitoring & Tracking<\/li>\n
      • Supply Chain Management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application<\/h4>\n

        It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \"SIEMENS\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RFID1000 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

        It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \"SIEMENS\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        <\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

        It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \"SIEMENS\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \"SIEMENS\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
        \u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

        Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

        The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \"Omron\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

        The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \"Omron\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

        The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

        \n
        \"\"\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

        What is RFID and How it Works?<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

        RFID systems are automatic recognition systems equipped with microprocessors, where an object carrying a tag and the data it carries can be monitored. They work with radio frequencies, so there is no need to have contact between the reader and the microchip. Radio waves emitted from the reader reach the antenna and activate the microchip in this way. The microchip checks the waves and sends them back to the reader. The reader also turns the new wave into digital data.<\/p>\n

        \"rfid_calisma\"\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Working scheme of RFID systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

        It is known that the first use of RFID was in 1926 and for military purposes. England used it during World War II to determine whether aircraft were allied or enemy aircraft. Its first commercial usage was by General Motors. They used RFIDs placed on car bodies to check whether the equipment used in cars was correct.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

        RFID systems<\/b><\/h4>\n

        RFID systems have two types; mobile systems and fixed systems. Fixed systems usually consist of side units such as RFID readers, RFID antennas, main computer, software, light and sensor. These systems receive the object’s credentials and transfer them to the computer system. Although mobile systems are similar to fixed systems as RFID system structure and operating principle, read\/write distance and power are more limited than fixed systems. The advantage is that they have the ability to collect\/process data at different points, thus providing application and cost advantages.<\/p>\n

        RFID Components<\/b><\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Tag<\/li>\n
        • Antenna<\/li>\n
        • Reader<\/li>\n
        • Questioning<\/li>\n
        • Controller<\/li>\n
        • Software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Working Principle<\/b><\/h4>\n
            \n
          • The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.<\/li>\n
          • The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.<\/li>\n
          • The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.<\/li>\n
          • The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.<\/li>\n
          • The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.<\/li>\n
          • The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Label<\/b><\/h4>\n

            It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field.\u00a0<\/p>\n

            \n
            <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

            \u00a0<\/p>\n

            Antenna<\/b><\/h4>\n

            RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power.\u00a0<\/p>\n

            Reader<\/b><\/h4>\n

            RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

            Questioning<\/b><\/h4>\n

            The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.<\/p>\n

            Controller<\/b><\/h4>\n

            The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer\/ server\/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.<\/p>\n

            RFID software<\/b><\/h4>\n

            It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/div>\n

            RFID Standards<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.<\/p>\n

            EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

            RFID Frequency Ranges<\/b><\/h4>\n

            RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;<\/p>\n

            Low frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

            High frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

            UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)<\/p>\n

            Microwave\u00a0<\/p>\n

            UWB (Ultra-Wideband)<\/p>\n

            Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/figure>\n

            Low Frequency (LF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.<\/p>\n

            High Frequency (HF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.<\/p>\n

            UHF:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

            The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.<\/p>\n

            SIEMENS RFID Systems<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

            RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.<\/p>\n

            Applications;<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Production Control<\/li>\n
            • Asset Management<\/li>\n
            • Monitoring & Tracking<\/li>\n
            • Supply Chain Management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              <\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application<\/h4>\n

              It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \n
              \"SIEMENS\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RFID1000 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              <\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

              It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \n
              \"SIEMENS\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              <\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

              It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \n
              \"SIEMENS\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \n
              \"SIEMENS\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
              \u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

              Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

              The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
              \"Omron\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

              The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
              \"Omron\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

              The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

              \n
              \"\"\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

              <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              <\/p>\n

              What is RFID and How it Works?<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

              RFID systems are automatic recognition systems equipped with microprocessors, where an object carrying a tag and the data it carries can be monitored. They work with radio frequencies, so there is no need to have contact between the reader and the microchip. Radio waves emitted from the reader reach the antenna and activate the microchip in this way. The microchip checks the waves and sends them back to the reader. The reader also turns the new wave into digital data.<\/p>\n

              \"rfid_calisma\"\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              Working scheme of RFID systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

              It is known that the first use of RFID was in 1926 and for military purposes. England used it during World War II to determine whether aircraft were allied or enemy aircraft. Its first commercial usage was by General Motors. They used RFIDs placed on car bodies to check whether the equipment used in cars was correct.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

              RFID systems<\/b><\/h4>\n

              RFID systems have two types; mobile systems and fixed systems. Fixed systems usually consist of side units such as RFID readers, RFID antennas, main computer, software, light and sensor. These systems receive the object’s credentials and transfer them to the computer system. Although mobile systems are similar to fixed systems as RFID system structure and operating principle, read\/write distance and power are more limited than fixed systems. The advantage is that they have the ability to collect\/process data at different points, thus providing application and cost advantages.<\/p>\n

              RFID Components<\/b><\/h4>\n
                \n
              • Tag<\/li>\n
              • Antenna<\/li>\n
              • Reader<\/li>\n
              • Questioning<\/li>\n
              • Controller<\/li>\n
              • Software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                <\/p>\n

                Working Principle<\/b><\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • The system is activated when the label passes through the magnetic field created by the antenna and reader.<\/li>\n
                • The label generates a signal with the energy it receives and sends it to the reader in response.<\/li>\n
                • The antenna detects the response sent by the tag.<\/li>\n
                • The reader transmits the signal it receives to the controller.<\/li>\n
                • The controller sends this signal to Middleware, which is middleware.<\/li>\n
                • The middleware also transfers the information it receives to the required system.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Label<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  It is a device with a microchip and antenna where information is stored. RFID tags are used as electronic data carriers. The microchip in the RFID tag has data storage from 64 bits to 8 MB. They can be passive, active, or semi-active depending on the energy source. Active tags need an energy source to communicate, while passive tags provide this energy from the reader where they enter their magnetic field.\u00a0<\/p>\n

                  \n
                  <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Antenna<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  RFID antennas convert the energy they receive from a system into an electromagnetic wave and emit it around it and collect the waves from its surroundings, turning it into a signal and feeding the system. They increase the performance of wireless communication systems. They can provide communication between reader-reader or reader-label. These are hardware that must be used to get the best signal at low power.\u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Reader<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  RFID receives the signal from the antenna on the label and can read the label information. It can allow new information to be written on the label due to the electromagnetic waves it emits when necessary. The RFID reader sends RF energy to the environment with one or more antennas. The antenna on the close-range label collects this energy, and then the label converts it into electrical energy through indication. It raises and lowers the antenna resistance using a technique similar to Morse code. In this way, it sends the ID back to the reader.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Questioning<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  The interrogator is like a little computer. It consists of 3 parts: antenna, RFID module and control module. It is also sometimes called a programmer and printer. Interrogator functions include: reading data on the label, writing data on the label, being able to communicate data with the controller, powering the label, managing radio waves, control label authentication, encrypting it to ensure data security.<\/p>\n

                  Controller<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  The controller receives and processes information from interrogators. A computer\/ server\/ workstation running database software or application software on it or a network to which such machines are connected.<\/p>\n

                  RFID software<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  It can be defined as the top layer that controls the controller. The software can exchange local or global data with the requested services. This layer can also work integrated with different software systems (ERP, MRP, etc.).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/div>\n

                  RFID Standards<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 0 Gen 1: UHF are passive labels that can only be read. They’re pre-programmed.<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 1 Gen 1: These are labels that can work as UHF or HF, can be written once and read multiple times (WORM).<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (ID Tags): EPC global has developed the Class 1 Gen 2 standard to be used in RFID tags and readers to globalize the use of RFID Technology used for product identification, and has determined certain frequency ranges for the usage of tags worldwide. Labels in this standard are passive backscatter labels. They have an EPC ID and a tag ID.<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 2 Gen 2 (Labels with Higher Functionality): These are read-write passive labels that can be written at any point in the supply chain.<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 3 Gen 2 (Passive Labels with Battery Support- Semi Passive):It can contain power support for labels or sensors with a power supply and sensors that record values such as temperature, motion, pressure. They can work semi-passively or actively.<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 4 Gen 2 (Active Tags): Active tags with a transmitter on them can contact other tags and readers.<\/p>\n

                  EPC Class 5 Gen 2: It is similar to Class 4 labels. As an extra, it provides power to other tags and they can communicate with other devices from readers.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  RFID Frequency Ranges<\/b><\/h4>\n

                  RFID tags communicate through electromagnetic waves and work between 125 kHz and 960 MHz frequencies. The reading distance of RFID tags may vary depending on the reader’s strength. There are a total of 5 frequency ranges for labels to read;<\/p>\n

                  Low frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

                  High frequency<\/span><\/p>\n

                  UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)<\/p>\n

                  Microwave\u00a0<\/p>\n

                  UWB (Ultra-Wideband)<\/p>\n

                  Microwave with a frequency range of 2.45 to 5.8 GHz and UWB with a frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz are not very common as a field of application. Below we mentioned some common frequency ranges.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  <\/figure>\n

                  Low Frequency (LF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Low frequency (LF) RFID tags generally operate between 120-140 kHz. They are powered by passive induction. They have a short reading range of 10-20 cm. They are suitable for use in rough and dirty environments. They can work in contact with metal and liquid. Because they are short range, they have an advantage in ensuring safety. Disadvantages are that they operate on a single specified frequency.<\/p>\n

                  High Frequency (HF)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  High frequency RFID tags operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It is very useful in building access controls, contactless credit cards and ID cards. It is also used in many object tracking applications. It is a type of label used on luggage tags in airports, libraries and bookstores. High-frequency labels are capable of reading data faster but are not durable if they come into contact with metal and water. The disadvantage of high frequency labels is that they must operate in a frequency range regulated by an RFID reader and problems can occur when used in combination with sensitive electronic devices. That’s why they can’t be used in environments like hospitals.<\/p>\n

                  UHF:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                  The operating frequencies of UHF labels are in the range of 868-928 MHz. In Europe the labels are used in the 868-870 MHz range, while in the US and Canada they are used in the 902-928 MHz frequency range. It is the most commonly used Label type for product tracking and supply. It offers a high viewing distance and is also quite cheap in cost. The biggest disadvantage is the interference in frequency due to liquids and metals. When you try to prevent interference, you must use coated UHF. This increases the cost.<\/p>\n

                  SIEMENS RFID Systems<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

                  RFID systems are different from each other. SIEMENS SIMATIC RF systems continuously renew their product line, providing reliable and economical solutions for contactless data transmission applications. System integration can be done easily.<\/p>\n

                  Applications;<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Production Control<\/li>\n
                  • Asset Management<\/li>\n
                  • Monitoring & Tracking<\/li>\n
                  • Supply Chain Management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RFID1000 Series: Simple and Versatile Application<\/h4>\n

                    It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 and ISO 14443 standard.<\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"SIEMENS\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RFID1000 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RF200 Series: Flexible and Fast<\/h4>\n

                    It operates in a frequency range of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693 standard.<\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"SIEMENS\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RF200 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RF300 Series: Powerful HF RFID System<\/h4>\n

                    It operates on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are developed in accordance with ISO 15693, MIFARE classic standard.<\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"SIEMENS\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RF300 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    SIEMENS RF600 Series: High Performance UHF RFID System<\/h4>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"SIEMENS\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    SIEMENS RF600 Series<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    Omron RFID Systems<\/b><\/h4>\n
                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

                    Omron HF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

                    The V680S \/ V680 series operate on a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These are compact heat resistant, medium range RFID systems with various label types. It complies with ISO \/ IEC 18000-3\u00a0(ISO \/ IEC 15693).<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"Omron\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    Omron HF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

                    The V780 series operates on a frequency of 920 MHz. UHF-tape is suitable for remote operation, such as industrial and commercial applications.\u00a0These are developed according to ISO \/ IEC 18000-6 Type C standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"Omron\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    Omron UHF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    Omron LF RFID Systems<\/h4>\n

                    The V640 series are RFID systems operating in the 134.2 kHz range that complies with SEMI semiconductor industry standards.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                    \"\"\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n

                    Omron LF RFID Systems<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

                    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    RFID Sistemler; etiket ta\u015f\u0131yan bir nesnenin ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerin izlenebildi\u011fi, mikroi\u015flemciler ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f otomatik tan\u0131ma sistemleridir. Radyo frekanslar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar bundan dolay\u0131 okuyucu ile mikro\u00e7ip aras\u0131nda bir temas bulunmas\u0131 gerekmez. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6,11],"tags":[34,43,52,53,54],"class_list":["post-7544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilgisayar","category-otomasyon","category-yazilim","tag-kablosuz-iletisim","tag-omron","tag-rfid-nedir-ve-nasil-calisir","tag-rfid-yazilim","tag-siemens"],"yoast_head":"\nRFID Systems - Intsoft Automation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"RFID Sistemler; etiket ta\u015f\u0131yan bir nesnenin ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerin izlenebildi\u011fi, mikroi\u015flemciler ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f otomatik tan\u0131ma sistemleridir. 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